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<title>Eileen Chang</title>

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Eileen Chang

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <a href="Zhang_(surname)" title="Zhang (surname)">Chang</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Eileen Chang</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Zhang Ying (張煐) (1920-09-30)September 30, 1920 <a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">September 8, 1995(1995-09-08) (aged 74) <a href="Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Pen name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.4em;">Liang Jing (梁京)<a href="#cite_note-SUN1988-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<ul><li>Novelist</li>

<li>essayist</li>

<li>literature author</li>

<li>playwright</li>

<li>screenwriter</li>

<li>short story writer</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="St._Mary's_Hall%2C_Shanghai" title="St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai">St. Mary's Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a> <a href="St._John's_University%2C_Shanghai" title="St. John's University, Shanghai">St. John's University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1932–1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="Literary_fiction" title="Literary fiction">Literary fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="Lust%2C_Caution_(novella)" title="Lust, Caution (novella)">Lust, Caution</a> <a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(novella)" title="Love in a Fallen City (novella)">Love in a Fallen City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="Hu_Lancheng" title="Hu Lancheng">Hu Lancheng</a></div>

<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="Ferdinand_Reyher" title="Ferdinand Reyher">Ferdinand Reyher</a></div>

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</style>1967)</div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Zhang_Peilun" title="Zhang Peilun">Zhang Peilun</a> (paternal grandfather)</li><li><a href="Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a> (great-grandfather)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5" class="extiw external" title="wikt:張">張</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B" class="extiw external" title="wikt:愛">愛</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B2" class="extiw external" title="wikt:玲">玲</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0" class="extiw external" title="wikt:张">张</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1" class="extiw external" title="wikt:爱">爱</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B2" class="extiw external" title="wikt:玲">玲</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zhāng Àilíng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jang Ayling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chang1 Ai4-ling2</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Liang Jing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">梁京</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Liáng Jīng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Liang2 Ching1</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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Eileen Chang (<a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 張愛玲; <a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 张爱玲; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zhāng Àilíng; <a href="Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: Chang1 Ai4-ling2；September 30, 1920 – September 8, 1995), also known as Chang Ai-ling or Zhang Ailing, or by her pen name Liang Jing (梁京), was a <a href="Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>-born American essayist, novelist, and screenwriter.

Chang was born to an aristocratic lineage and educated bilingually in <a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. She gained literary prominence in Japanese-occupied Shanghai between 1943 and 1945. However, after the Communists defeated the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War, she fled the country. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she was rediscovered by scholars such as <a href="C._T._Hsia" title="C. T. Hsia">C. T. Hsia</a> and Shui Jing. Together with the re-examination of literary histories in the post-<a href="Mao_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao era">Mao era</a> during the late 1970s and early 1980s, she rose again to literary prominence in <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>, and the Chinese diaspora communities.<a href="#cite_note-PONG2009-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_youth">Childhood and youth</h3></div>

Chang was born Zhang Ying (張煐) in Shanghai, China on September 30, 1920. She was the first child of Zhang Zhiyi (張志沂; 1896–1953) and Huang Suqiong (黃素瓊; 1893–1957). Chang's maternal great-grandfather, Huang Yisheng (黃翼升; 1818–1894), was a prominent <a href="Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval">naval</a> <a href="Commander" title="Commander">commander</a>. Chang's paternal grandfather, <a href="Zhang_Peilun" title="Zhang Peilun">Zhang Peilun</a> (1848–1903) married Li Ju'ou (李菊耦; 1866–1916) and was son-in-law to <a href="Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a>, an influential Qing court official. She was also raised by her paternal aunt Zhang Maoyuan (張茂淵; 1898–1991).<a href="#cite_note-SUN1988-1">[1]</a>

In 1922, when Chang was two years old, the family relocated to <a href="Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>. When she was three, her father introduced her to <a href="Tang_poetry" title="Tang poetry">Tang poetry</a>. Beginning in 1924, her father often brought back prostitutes or <a href="Concubines" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubines">concubines</a> and became heavily addicted to <a href="Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, which led to fights between her parents. During this time, Chang's mother decided to travel with her aunt to study in France.<a href="#cite_note-SUN1988-1">[1]</a> In 1927, after Chang's father promised to end his drug usage and extramarital affairs, Chang and her mother came back and settled in Shanghai. Chang's parents eventually divorced in 1930; she and her younger brother Zhang Zijing (張子靜; 1921–1997) were raised by their father.

At the age of 18, Chang contracted <a href="Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>. Instead of seeking medical treatment, her father beat her and forced her to stay in her bedroom for six months. Chang eventually ran away to live with her mother and then stayed with her mother for nearly two years, until she went to university.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div>

Chang started school at age 4. Chang had obtained excellent English skills besides her native <a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Chinese</a>. In 1937, she graduated from an all-female Christian boarding high school, <a href="St._Mary's_Hall%2C_Shanghai" title="St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai">St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai</a>, even though her family was not religious.<a href="#cite_note-SUN1988-1">[1]</a>

At an early age, under her mother's influence, Chang began painting, playing piano, and learning English.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

In 1939, Chang was accepted to the <a href="University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> on a full scholarship, but was unable to attend due to <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Instead, she studied <a href="English_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="English Literature">English Literature</a> at the <a href="University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a>, where she met her lifelong friend, Fatima Mohideen (炎櫻; died 1995). When Chang was one semester short of earning her degree in December 1941, Hong Kong fell to the <a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>. Chang's famous works were completed during the Japanese occupation.<a href="#cite_note-CHAN-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages">Marriages</h3></div>

In 1943, Chang met her first husband <a href="Hu_Lancheng" title="Hu Lancheng">Hu Lancheng</a> when she was 23 and he was 37. They married the following year in a private ceremony. Fatima Mohideen was the sole attendee. In the few months that he courted Chang, Hu was still married to his third wife. Although Hu was labelled a traitor for collaborating with the Japanese during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Chang continued to remain loyal to Hu. Shortly thereafter, Hu chose to move to <a href="Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> to work for a newspaper. While staying at a local hospital, he seduced a 17-year-old nurse, Zhou Xunde (周訓德), who soon moved in with him. When Japan was defeated in 1945, Hu used another identity and hid in the nearby city of <a href="Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a>, where he married Fan Xiumei (范秀美). Chang and Hu divorced in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-PONG2009-2">[2]</a>

In 1956, while living in <a href="MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony, New Hampshire</a>, Chang met and became involved with the American <a href="Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a> <a href="Ferdinand_Reyher" title="Ferdinand Reyher">Ferdinand Reyher</a>, a <a href="Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a> native nearly 30 years her senior.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> During the time they were briefly apart in New York (Chang in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, Reyher in <a href="Saratoga_Springs%2C_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga</a>), Chang wrote to Reyher that she was pregnant with his child. Reyher wrote back to propose. Although Chang did not receive the letter, she telephoned the following morning to inform Reyher she was arriving in Saratoga. Reyher had a chance to propose to her in person, but insisted that he did not want the child. Chang had an abortion shortly afterward. On August 14, 1956, the couple married in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> After the wedding, the couple moved back to New Hampshire. After suffering a series of strokes, Reyher eventually became paralyzed, before his death on October 8, 1967.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div>

On September 8, 1995, Chang was found dead in her apartment on Rochester Avenue in <a href="Westwood%2C_Los_Angeles" title="Westwood, Los Angeles">Westwood, Los Angeles</a>, by her <a href="Landlord" title="Landlord">landlord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TNYT-8">[8]</a> According to her friends, Chang had died of natural causes several days before her building manager discovered her body, after becoming alarmed that she had not answered her telephone. Her <a href="Death_certificate" title="Death certificate">death certificate</a> states that she died from <a href="Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TNYT-8">[8]</a> In accordance with Chang's will, she was <a href="Cremation" title="Cremation">cremated</a> without any memorial service, and her ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean.

After Chang's death, Stephen Soong (宋淇; 1919–1996) became the executor of her estate, succeeded by his son Roland Soong (宋以朗).<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> In 1997, the Soong family donated some of Chang's manuscripts to the East Asian Library at the <a href="University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, including the English translation of "The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai" and the unfinished manuscript of the novel "The Young Marshall."<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> In 2015, Roland Soong handed Eileen Chang's manuscripts to Hong Kong scholar Rosanna Fong (馮睎乾) for organization and research.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shanghai">Shanghai</h3></div>

At the age of 10, Chang's mother renamed her as Aìlíng, a <a href="Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of Eileen, in preparation for her entrance into an English school. While in high school, Chang read <a href="Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber" title="Dream of the Red Chamber">Dream of the Red Chamber</a>, one of the <a href="Four_Great_Classical_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Great Classical Novels">Four Great Classical Novels</a> of Chinese literature, which influenced her work throughout her career. Chang displayed great literary talent and her writings were published in the school magazine. The following year, she wrote her debut short novel at the age of 12.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

Chang's writing was heavily influenced by the environment in which she lived. Shanghai and Hong Kong in the 1940s were the background of many of her earlier novels.<a href="#cite_note-CHAN-5">[5]</a> She was known for her "aesthetic ambivalence" where the narrative style and language were reminiscent of the traditional "linked-chapter" novel while the setting was more in line with modern urban melodramas. Chang also sought to probe and examine the psychology of her characters.<a href="#cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">[11]</a>

In 1943, Chang was introduced to the prominent editor <a href="Zhou_Shoujuan" title="Zhou Shoujuan">Zhou Shoujuan</a> and gave him a few pieces of her writing. With Zhou's support, Chang soon became the most popular new writer in Shanghai. Within the next two years, she wrote some of her most acclaimed works, including <a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(novella)" title="Love in a Fallen City (novella)">Love in a Fallen City</a> and <a href="The_Golden_Cangue" title="The Golden Cangue">The Golden Cangue</a>. In her English translation of The Golden Cangue, Chang simplified English expressions and sentence structures to make it easier for readers to understand.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

Several short stories and novellas were collected in Romances (Chuan Qi, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87" class="extiw external" title="zh:傳奇">傳奇</a>) (1944). It instantly became a bestseller in Shanghai, boosting Chang's reputation and fame among readers and also the Chinese literary circle.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>

A collection of her essays appeared as Written on Water (Líu Yán <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A8%80" class="extiw external" title="zh:流言">流言</a>) in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-HUANG2005-14">[14]</a> Her literary maturity was said to be far beyond her age. As described by Nicole Huang in the introduction to Written on Water, "The essay form became a means for Eileen Chang constantly to redefine the boundaries between life and work, the domestic and the historic, and meticulously to weave a rich private life together with the concerns of a public intellectual."<a href="#cite_note-HUANG2005-14">[14]</a> In 20th century China, Chang experimented with new literary language. In her essay entitled "writing of one's own," Chang retrospectively remarks on her use of a new fictional language in her novella Lianhuantao (Chained Links).<a href="#cite_note-HUANG2005-14">[14]</a>

In the early years of her career, Chang was famously associated with this comment:

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote">To be famous, I must hurry. If it comes too late, it will not bring me so much happiness ... Hurry, hurry, or it will be too late, too late!<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></blockquote>

In 1945, Chang's reputation waned due to postwar cultural and political turmoil. It worsened after the defeat of the <a href="Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> by the Communists in the <a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. Chang left <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> for <a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> in 1952, realizing her writing career in <a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> was over.<a href="#cite_note-HUANG2005-14">[14]</a> In <a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, she worked for the <a href="United_States_Information_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Information Service">United States Information Service (USIS)</a>, which promoted United States interests overseas.<a href="#cite_note-:2-16">[16]</a> During this time, she wrote two anti-communist works, <a href="The_Rice_Sprout_Song" title="The Rice Sprout Song">The Rice Sprout Song</a> (Yang Ge, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A7%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw external" title="zh:秧歌">秧歌</a>) and Naked Earth (Chidi zhi lian, 赤地之戀, sometimes known in English as Love in Redland),<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> both of which she later translated into Chinese and published in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The Rice Sprout Song was Chang's first novel written entirely in English.<a href="#cite_note-PONG2009-2">[2]</a>

Chang wrote Naked Earth at the direct request of the USIS and used a plot outline supplied by USIS agents.<a href="#cite_note-:2-16">[16]</a> According to academic Brian DeMare, the book is a consequence of the anti-Communist paranoia of the United States Cold War mentality and lacks the poetry and nuance of Chang's other works.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

She also translated a variety of English works into Chinese, most notably <a href="The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea" title="The Old Man and the Sea">The Old Man and the Sea</a> by <a href="Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> and "<a href="The_Legend_of_Sleepy_Hollow" title="The Legend of Sleepy Hollow">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</a>" by <a href="Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Chang's translation of The Old Man and the Sea was seen as Cold War propaganda for the USIS and is argued to have directly influenced her writing and translating of The Rice Sprout Song.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div>

In 1955, Chang moved to America, struggling to become an English writer. Her work was rejected by publishers many times.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> Chang's move from Hong Kong to the U.S. marked an important turning point in her literary career.<a href="#cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">[11]</a>

In the 1960s, Chang was constantly searching for new job opportunities, particularly ones that involved translating or writing screenplays. Chang once tried to adapt a screenplay for Hollywood with Chinese elements, but was unsuccessful because the agent thought the role had too much content and psychological changes.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> Chang became an <a href="American_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="American citizen">American citizen</a> in 1960 and headed to <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> for more opportunities, returning to the United States in 1962.

Betrayal is an overarching theme in Chang's later works, notably in her English essay "A Return to the Frontier" (1963) and one of her last novels Little Reunions (2009, published posthumously). Compared to her previous works, there are many more tragedies and betrayals in her writings later in her life.<a href="#cite_note-u.osu.edu-22">[22]</a>

In 1962, when she resided in San Francisco, Chang started writing the English novel The Young Marshal based on the love story between the Chinese general <a href="Zhang_Xueliang" title="Zhang Xueliang">Zhang Xueliang</a> and his wife, Zhao Yidi, with an aim to break into the American literary world. However, due to the multitude of Chinese names and complex historical background in the book, her editor gave a poor evaluation of the initial chapters, which greatly undermined Chang's confidence in the writing. With her interest in Zhang Xueliang waning, she abandoned the story. In 2014, Eileen Chang's literary executor, Roland Soong, managed to have the unfinished novel published, with a Chinese translation by Zheng Yuantao.

In 1963, Chang also wrote two novels based on her own life: <a href="The_Fall_of_the_Pagoda" title="The Fall of the Pagoda">The Fall of the Pagoda</a> and The Book of Change.<a href="#cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">[11]</a> Both were believed to be her attempts to offer an alternative writing style to mainstream America; she did not succeed. The full-length novels were not published until 2010.<a href="#cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

In 1966, Chang had a writing residency at <a href="Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a> in <a href="Oxford%2C_Ohio" title="Oxford, Ohio">Oxford, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-9">[9]</a> In 1967, Chang held a short-term job at <a href="Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe College</a>. In 1969, upon the invitation of Shih-Hsiang Chen, a professor of Oriental Languages at the <a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, Chang became a senior researcher at the Center for Chinese Studies of Berkeley.<a href="#cite_note-:0-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-27">[27]</a> Her research topics included Chinese Communist terminology and the novel Dream of the Red Chamber.<a href="#cite_note-:0-26">[26]</a> In 1971, the year Chen died, Chang left her post at Berkeley.<a href="#cite_note-:1-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1972, Chang relocated to <a href="Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. In 1975, she completed the English translation of <a href="The_Sing-song_Girls_of_Shanghai" title="The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai">The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai</a>, a late <a href="Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing</a> novel written in <a href="Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu Chinese</a> by <a href="Han_Bangqing" title="Han Bangqing">Han Bangqing</a>. The manuscript for the translation was found among her papers at the <a href="University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> and published posthumously in 2005.

In 1978, Crown Magazine published Chang's novellas <a href="Lust%2C_Caution_(novella)" title="Lust, Caution (novella)">Lust, Caution</a> and Fu Hua Lang Rui, as well as her short story "Xiang Jian Huan".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

In 1990, Chang began writing an essay "Table of Love and Hate" (愛憎表), a reflection of her thoughts during her school days. The essay was published posthumously in the July 2016 issue (Issue 155) of Taiwan's Ink magazine and in the autumn-winter issue of China's Harvest magazine.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2></div>

Chang was a realist and modernist writer.<a href="#cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">[11]</a> Her most important contribution was her construction of a unique wartime narrative, one that deviated from the grand accounts of national salvation and revolution. She sought to recount the seemingly irrelevant details and experiences of daily life of ordinary men and women in periods of social change and violence. Chang was also known for her view of modern history, displaying colours, lines, and moods in her writing and juxtaposition of historical reality with the domain of domesticity.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>

During the 1970s, Chang's legacy had such a significant impact on many creative writers in Taiwan that several generations of "Chang School writers" (張派作家) emerged,<a href="#cite_note-Zheng2009-31">[31]</a> notably <a href="Chu_T%E2%80%99ien-wen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu T’ien-wen">Chu T’ien-wen</a>, <a href="Chu_T%E2%80%99ien-hsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu T’ien-hsin">Chu T’ien-hsin</a>, Lin Yao-de, and <a href="Yuan_Chiung-chiung" title="Yuan Chiung-chiung">Yuan Chiung-chiung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WANG2009-32">[32]</a>

With collective efforts to unearth the literary histories of the pre-revolutionary days in the post-Mao era, a renewed Eileen Chang "fever" swept through the streets of mainland China. The name Eileen Chang became synonymous with the glories of a bygone era. As with Taiwan in the 1970s, a group of young women authors who were clearly inspired by Chang rose to prominence in the 1980s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-PONG2009-2">[2]</a> Other notable <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> authors influenced by Chang include <a href="Wang_Anyi" title="Wang Anyi">Wang Anyi</a>, <a href="Su_Tong" title="Su Tong">Su Tong</a>, and <a href="Ye_Zhaoyan" title="Ye Zhaoyan">Ye Zhaoyan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WANG2009-32">[32]</a>

Chang has been listed as one of the four women literary geniuses in Shanghai during the Republic of China era, alongside <a href="Su_Qing_(writer)" title="Su Qing (writer)">Su Qing</a>, Guan Lu, and Pan Liudai. Chang has also been listed as one of the four women literary geniuses during the Republic of China era, along with <a href="L%C3%BC_Bicheng" title="Lü Bicheng">Lü Bicheng</a>, <a href="Xiao_Hong" title="Xiao Hong">Xiao Hong</a> and <a href="Shi_Pingmei" title="Shi Pingmei">Shi Pingmei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Dominic Cheung, a poet and professor of East Asian languages at the <a href="University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, said that had it not been for the Chinese civil war, Chang would have been a recipient of the <a href="Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TNYT-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

Eileen Chang's works are often adapted for screens. The best known is probably Ang Lee's film <a href="Lust%2C_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a> (2007), based on her novella of the same name, starring <a href="Tony_Leung_Chiu-wai" title="Tony Leung Chiu-wai">Tony Leung Chiu-wai</a> and <a href="Tang_Wei" title="Tang Wei">Tang Wei</a>. The film won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival and Golden Horse Award for best film in 2007. Other film adaptations include <a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(film)" title="Love in a Fallen City (film)">Love in a Fallen City</a> (1984) and <a href="Love_After_Love_(2020_film)" title="Love After Love (2020 film)">Love After Love</a> (2020), the latter based on Chang's Aloeswood Incense: The First Brazier; both films were directed by <a href="Ann_Hui" title="Ann Hui">Ann Hui</a>. Chang's Love in a Fallen City was also adapted into stage performances by the <a href="Hong_Kong_Repertory_Theatre#:~:text=Hong_Kong_Repertory_Theatre_(Chinese,Chinese_and_international_stage_works." title="Hong Kong Repertory Theatre">Hong Kong Repertory Theatre</a> in 1987, 2002, and 2005. In 2006, the theatre took the Cantonese performance to New York, Shanghai, and Toronto.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

A 20-episode TV series, <a href="The_Legend_of_Eileen_Chang" title="The Legend of Eileen Chang">The Legend of Eileen Chang</a>, written by <a href="Wang_Hui-ling" title="Wang Hui-ling">Wang Hui-ling</a> and starring <a href="Rene_Liu" title="Rene Liu">Rene Liu</a>, aired in Taiwan in 2004.

Malaysian singer <a href="Victor_Wong_(singer)" title="Victor Wong (singer)">Victor Wong</a> wrote a song titled "Eileen Chang" ("Zhang Ailing") in 2005.

Taiwanese writer <a href="Luo_Yijun" title="Luo Yijun">Luo Yijun</a> includes quotations and themes from Chang's writings and life in his novel Daughter.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

In 2020 on the occasion of the centennial celebration of Chang's birth, an online exhibition Eileen Chang at the University of Hong Kong was presented on the website for the <a href="University_Museum_and_Art_Gallery%2C_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="University Museum and Art Gallery, Hong Kong">University Museum and Art Gallery, Hong Kong</a>. The exhibition pieced together a narrative that highlights the early stages of Chang's literary career.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<th>Year

</th>

<th colspan="2">Chinese title

</th>

<th>English title

</th>

<th>Notes

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Chenxiang Xie: Di-Yi Lu Xiang</td>

<td>Aloeswood Incense: The First Brazier</td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Qing Cheng Zhi Lian</td>

<td><a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(novella)" title="Love in a Fallen City (novella)">Love in a Fallen City</a></td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="The_Golden_Cangue" title="The Golden Cangue">The Golden Cangue</a></td>

<td>Novella; self-translated into English in 1981

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Chained Links</td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>红玫瑰与白玫瑰</td>

<td>Hong Meigui Yu Bai Meigui</td>

<td><a href="Red_Rose%2C_White_Rose_(novella)" title="Red Rose, White Rose (novella)">Red Rose, White Rose</a></td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Chuang Shi Ji</td>

<td>Genesis</td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Written on Water</td>

<td>Essay collection

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>So Much Regret</td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ban Sheng Yuan</td>

<td><a href="Half_a_Lifelong_Romance" title="Half a Lifelong Romance">Half a Lifelong Romance</a></td>

<td>Novel; originally serialized as 十八春 (Eighteen Springs)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Novella; published under pseudonym Liang Jing

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Chidi Zhi Lian</td>

<td>Naked Earth</td>

<td>Novel; self-translated into English in 1956

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Yangge</td>

<td><a href="The_Rice_Sprout_Song" title="The Rice Sprout Song">The Rice Sprout Song</a></td>

<td>Novel; written in English and self-translated into Chinese

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>The Rouge of the North</td>

<td>Novel; written in English

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Flowers Adrift, Blossoms Afloat</td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Lust%2C_Caution_(novella)" title="Lust, Caution (novella)">Lust, Caution</a></td>

<td>Novella

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>同学少年都不贱</td>

<td>Tongxue Shaonian Dou Bu Jian</td>

<td>Classmates Then All Successful Now</td>

<td>Novella; published posthumously

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Little Reunions</td>

<td>Novel; completed in 1979 and published posthumously

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="The_Fall_of_the_Pagoda" title="The Fall of the Pagoda">The Fall of the Pagoda</a></td>

<td>Novel; written in English; completed in 1963 and published posthumously

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>The Book of Change</td>

<td>Novel; written in English; completed in 1963 and published posthumously

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2></div>

The following scripts were penned by Chang:

<ul><li><a href="Bu_Liao_Qing_(1947_film)" title="Bu Liao Qing (1947 film)">Bu Liao Qing</a> (1947) (不了情, Unending Love, modified from novel 多少恨, published as movie script)</li>

<li>Tai Tai Wan Sui (1947) (太太萬歲, <a href="Long_Live_the_Missus!" title="Long Live the Missus!">Long Live the Missus!</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Ai_le_zhongnian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ai le zhongnian">Ai le zhongnian</a> (1949) (哀樂中年, The Sorrows and Joys of Middle Age)</li>

<li><a href="Jin_Suo_Ji" title="Jin Suo Ji">Jin Suo Ji</a> (1950) (金鎖記, The Golden Cangue)</li>

<li><a href="Qing_Chang_Ru_Zhan_Chang" title="Qing Chang Ru Zhan Chang">Qing Chang Ru Zhan Chang</a> (1957) (情場如戰場, The Battle of Love, script written in 1956)</li>

<li>Ren Cai Liang De (unknown) (人財兩得, script written in 1956)</li>

<li>Tao hua yun (1959) (桃花運, The Wayward Husband, script written in 1956)</li>

<li><a href="Liu_yue_xin_niang" title="Liu yue xin niang">Liu yue xin niang</a> (1960) (六月新娘, The June Bride)</li>

<li>Wen rou xiang (1960) (溫柔鄕)</li>

<li><a href="Nan_bei_yi_jia_qin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nan bei yi jia qin">Nan bei yi jia qin</a> (1962) (南北一家親)</li>

<li>Xiao er nu (1963) (小兒女, Father Takes a Bride)</li>

<li>Nan Bei Xi Xiang Feng (1964) (南北喜相逢)</li>

<li>Yi qu nan wang (1964) (一曲難忘, a.k.a. 魂歸離恨天)</li></ul>

The following are films adapted from Eileen Chang's novels:

<ul><li>Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (1984) (傾城之戀, <a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(film)" title="Love in a Fallen City (film)">Love in a Fallen City</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Red_Rose_White_Rose" title="Red Rose White Rose">Hong Meigui Yu Bai Meigui</a> (1994) (紅玫瑰與白玫瑰, The Red Rose and the White Rose)</li>

<li>Ban Sheng Yuan (1997) (半生緣, <a href="Eighteen_Springs_(film)" title="Eighteen Springs (film)">Eighteen Springs</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Lust%2C_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a> (2007) (色，戒)</li>

<li><a href="Love_After_Love_(2020_film)" title="Love After Love (2020 film)">Love After Love</a> (2020) (第一爐香)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_writers_in_Chinese_literature" title="Women writers in Chinese literature">Women writers in Chinese literature</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Chinese_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese authors">List of Chinese authors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_graduates_of_University_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of graduates of University of Hong Kong">List of graduates of University of Hong Kong</a></li>

<li><a href="Su_Qing_(writer)" title="Su Qing (writer)">Su Qing</a> – a Republican-era writer</li>

<li><a href="Nellie_Yu_Roung_Ling" title="Nellie Yu Roung Ling">Nellie Yu Roung Ling</a> – first Chinese modern dancer, author and fashion designer</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSun1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sun, Rui Zhen (May 22, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFV&dbname=CJFD8589&filename=XWXS198802028&v=MjAyODRmYkt4RnRuTXJZOUhiSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlpPWnJGeW5sVXI3QVBUclQ=">"Eileen Chang's Brief Account of Life and Activities (張愛玲生平和創作活動簡記)"</a>. Xueshu Yuekan (學術月刊) (in Chinese) (2): 159–163. Retrieved March 24, 2019.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-PONG2009-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PONG2009_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PONG2009_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PONG2009_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PONG2009_2-3">d</a> Nicole Huang, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00pong_0/page/193/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ailing">Chang, Eileen (Zhang Ailing) 1920–1995</a>." Encyclopedia of Modern China, edited by David Pong, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2009, pp. 193–195. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Accessed 24 Mar. 2019.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLeeStefanowska2006" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A.D., eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOGdnCPJSOMC">Biographical dictionary of Chinese women, Volume 2</a>. University of California Press. p. 274. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-520-24449-4</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJiang_XiangdongLi_Aimin1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jiang Xiangdong; Li Aimin (June 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9899&filename=DALI199903026&v=MzE4OThNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWk9ackZpRGtWTHJPSVN6SFo3S3hGOWpNckk5SFlvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUclc=">"Discussion of the Relationship Between Eileen Chang's Family and Her Writings (论家世对张爱玲小说创作的影响)"</a>. Journal of Dalian University (in Chinese). 20 (3): 108. Retrieved March 3, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CHAN-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CHAN_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHAN_5-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFCHAN2017" class="citation journal cs1">CHAN, Roy Bing (January 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.ln.edu.hk/jmlc/vol14/iss1/1">"Homeless in the world : war, narrative, and historical consciousness in Eileen Chang, György Lukács, and Lev Tolstoy"</a>. Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報. 14 (1). <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1026-5120">1026-5120</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Stevens, Wallace, and Holly Stevens. “Letters to Ferdinand Reyher: Edited with an Afternote by Holly Stevens.” The Hudson Review, vol. 44, no. 3, 1991, pp. 381–409. JSTOR.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focusfeatures.com/article/eileen_chang_and_lust__caution">"Eileen Chang and Lust, Caution"</a>. Focus Features. November 26, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2011.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TNYT-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_8-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFRobert_McG._Thomas_Jr.1995" class="citation news cs1">Robert McG. Thomas Jr. (September 13, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/13/obituaries/eileen-chang-74-chinese-writer-revered-outside-the-mainland.html">"Eileen Chang, 74, Chinese Writer Revered Outside the Mainland"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved March 27, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-auto-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFLEE2017" class="citation journal cs1">LEE, Christopher (January 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.ln.edu.hk/jmlc/vol14/iss1/3">"Translation in distraction : on Eileen Chang's "Chinese translation: a vehicle of cultural influence""</a>. Journal of Modern Literature in Chinese 現代中文文學學報. 14 (1). <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1026-5120">1026-5120</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFChangKingsbury,_Karen2007" class="citation book cs1">Chang, Eileen; Kingsbury, Karen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=49gDP2Hwc6sC">Love in a Fallen City (New York Review Books Classics)</a>. New York Review Books Classics. p. 320. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-59017-178-3</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-docs.lib.purdue.edu-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-docs.lib.purdue.edu_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-docs.lib.purdue.edu_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-docs.lib.purdue.edu_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-docs.lib.purdue.edu_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-docs.lib.purdue.edu_11-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFQu2020" class="citation journal cs1">Qu, Lina (February 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol21/iss6/7">"Writing, Rewriting, and Miswriting: Eileen Chang's Late Style Against the Grain"</a>. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 21 (6). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7771%2F1481-4374.3305">10.7771/1481-4374.3305</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1481-4374">1481-4374</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translationjournal.net/journal/42chang.htm">"Eileen Chang's Translation of The Golden Cangue"</a>. translationjournal.net. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWang_WeipingMa_Lin1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wang Weiping; Ma Lin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530024825/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XSYK199711015.htm">"Eileen Chang Fifty years of Research (张爱玲研究五十年述评)"</a>. Xueshu Yuekan (学术月刊) (in Chinese) (11): 88. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XSYK199711015.htm">the original</a> on May 30, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-HUANG2005-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HUANG2005_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HUANG2005_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HUANG2005_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HUANG2005_14-3">d</a> Nicole Huang, "Introduction," in Eileen Chang, Written on Water, translated by Andrew F. Jones (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), ix-xvi.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Zhang, Ailing, and Translated by Karen Kingsbury (2007). “Preface to the Second Printing of Romances” in Love in a Fallen City. New York Review Books, New York, p.14.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFDeMare2019" class="citation book cs1">DeMare, Brian James (2019). Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution. Stanford, California: <a href="Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 29. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-5036-0849-8</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048940018">1048940018</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themillions.com/2015/05/high-style-and-desperate-love-on-the-life-and-work-of-eileen-chang.html">"High Style and Desperate Love: On the Life and Work of Eileen Chang"</a>. The Millions. May 4, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldblatt1999" class="citation journal cs1">Goldblatt, Howard (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/655784">"Review of The Rice-Sprout Song; The Rouge of the North, Eileen Chang"</a>. The China Quarterly (159): 760–761. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0305741000003659">10.1017/S0305741000003659</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7410">0305-7410</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/655784">655784</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDeMare2019" class="citation book cs1">DeMare, Brian James (2019). Land wars : the story of China's agrarian revolution. Stanford, California: <a href="Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. pp. 29–30. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-5036-0849-8</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048940018">1048940018</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFXia2007" class="citation book cs1">Xia, Chih-tsing (2007). The Relationship Between Eileen Chang and Hu Lancheng (张爱玲与胡兰成的前世今生). ShanXi: Shi Fan University. p. 197. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9787561332702</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBo2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bo, L. Maria (September 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/comparative-literature/article/71/3/252/139731/Freedom-Over-Seas-Eileen-Chang-Ernest-Hemingway">"Freedom Over Seas: Eileen Chang, Ernest Hemingway, and the Translation of Truth in the Cold War"</a>. Comparative Literature. 71 (3): 252–271. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00104124-7546276">10.1215/00104124-7546276</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4124">0010-4124</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202375261">202375261</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-u.osu.edu-22"><a href="#cite_ref-u.osu.edu_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u.osu.edu/mclc/journal/abstracts/shenshuang/">"Ends of Betrayal: Diaspora and Historical Representation in the Late Works of Zhang Ailing"</a>. MCLC Resource Center. September 23, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beijingtoday.com.cn/2010/04/fall-pagoda-records-eileen-changs-childhood/">"Fall of the Pagoda Records Eileen Chang's Childhood"</a>. Beijing Today. April 30, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2010.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jmsc.hku.hk/2010/08/book-launch-eileen-changs-book-of-change/">"Sept 3: Book Launch – Eileen Chang's The Book of Change"</a>. August 27, 2010. Retrieved December 19, 2010.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90782/90873/6954246.html">"Eileen Chang's first English autobiographical novel published"</a>. People's Daily. Retrieved December 19, 2010.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFHoyan1996" class="citation thesis cs1">Hoyan, Carole H. F. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0087802">The life and works of Zhang Ailing : a critical study</a> (Thesis). University of British Columbia.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510112522/http://epaper.anhuinews.com/html/jhsb/20140829/article_3154065.shtml">"The Dispute Between Eileen Chang and Chen Shizhen (张爱玲与陈世骧的争执)"</a>. epaper.anhuinews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.anhuinews.com/html/jhsb/20140829/article_3154065.shtml">the original</a> on May 10, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb6h4nb3q7&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00007&toc.depth=1&toc.id=">"University of California: In Memoriam, 1974"</a>. texts.cdlib.org. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFXiao2016" class="citation book cs1">Xiao, Song Xi Yue (2016). Eileen Chang's Life in the United States of America (张爱玲在美国的日子). Beijing: Zhongguo Hua qiao chu ban she. p. 203. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9787511359384</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHuang2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Huang, Nicole (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo00pong_0/page/193/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Ailing">"Eileen Chang"</a>. In Pong, David (ed.). Encyclopedia of modern China. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 193. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-684-31571-3</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/432428521">432428521</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Zheng2009-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Zheng2009_31-0">^</a> Su, Weizheng 蘇偉貞 (2006). Copying: On the Generations of Taiwanese Chang School Creative Writers 描紅：臺灣張派作家世代論 Taipei: Sanmin shuju.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-WANG2009-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WANG2009_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WANG2009_32-1">b</a> Wang, David Der-wei (2016). Methods to Imagine China. History· Fictional Writing· Narration (想象中国的方法历史·小说·叙事).Tianjin: Baihua Wenyi chu ban she. p. 248–251.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Lin Shan, Lv Bicheng, A Woman Genius, Beijing: Jilin Publishing Group Ltd., 2012.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKam2012" class="citation book cs1">Kam, Louie (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/897197722">Eileen Chang : romancing languages, cultures and genres</a>. Hong Kong University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-988-8083-72-5</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/897197722">897197722</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> The novel Daughter is featured as a chapter in the collection: <cite id="CITEREFYijun2018" class="citation cs2"><a href="Luo_Yijun" title="Luo Yijun">Yijun, Luo</a> (September 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-reincarnated-giant/9780231180238">"Science Fiction"</a>, in Mingwei Song; Theodore Huters (eds.), The Reincarnated Giant: An Anthology of Twenty-First-Century Chinese Science Fiction, <a href="Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780231180238</bdi></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.virtual.umag.hku.hk/eileenchang100">Eileen Chang at the University of Hong Kong: An Online Presentation of Images and Documents from the Archives</a>, <a href="University_Museum_and_Art_Gallery%2C_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="University Museum and Art Gallery, Hong Kong">University Museum and Art Gallery, Hong Kong</a>, September 28, 2020</cite>. Exhibition curated by Nicole Huang 黃心村, Florian Knothe and Kenneth Shing-Kwan Chan 陳承焜.

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrait">Portrait</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib-linux2.hkbu.edu.hk/scadb/pgcw/purl.php?&did=pgcw036">Zhang Ailing. A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming</a> at Portrait Gallery of Chinese Writers (Hong Kong Baptist University Library).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Eileen_Chang" class="extiw external" title="q:Special:Search/Eileen Chang">Eileen Chang</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502030557/http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/home.htm">Collected drawings of Eileen Chang, Shanghai 1936–1946 in mini-tofu#7 </a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinesefilmclassics.sites.olt.ubc.ca/films/love-everlasting-%e4%b8%8d%e4%ba%86%e6%83%85-1947/">Love Everlasting (Buliao qing) (Sang Hu, dir., 1947)</a> with English subtitles - Film based on Eileen Chang's first screenplay</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinesefilmclassics.sites.olt.ubc.ca/course/module-8-long-live-the-missus-1947/">Long Live the Missus! (Taitai wansui) (Sang Hu, dir., 1947)</a> with English subtitles - Film based on Eileen Chang's second screenplay</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/long-live-the-missus/">Full translation of Long Live the Missus! (1947)</a> - MCLC Resource Center Publications</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dianying.com/ft/person/ZhangAiling">Eileen Chang in Chinese Movie Database (Chinese)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0151690/">Eileen Chang</a> at <a href="IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Eileen_Chang51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_Golden_Cangue" title="The Golden Cangue">The Golden Cangue</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(novella)" title="Love in a Fallen City (novella)">Love in a Fallen City</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Red_Rose%2C_White_Rose_(novella)" title="Red Rose, White Rose (novella)">Red Rose, White Rose</a> (1944)</li>

<li><a href="Half_a_Lifelong_Romance" title="Half a Lifelong Romance">Half a Lifelong Romance</a> (1948)</li>

<li><a href="The_Rice_Sprout_Song" title="The Rice Sprout Song">The Rice Sprout Song</a> (1955)</li>

<li><a href="The_Fall_of_the_Pagoda" title="The Fall of the Pagoda">The Fall of the Pagoda</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Lust%2C_Caution_(novella)" title="Lust, Caution (novella)">Lust, Caution</a> (1979)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Long_Live_the_Missus!" title="Long Live the Missus!">Long Live the Missus!</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Bu_Liao_Qing_(1947_film)" title="Bu Liao Qing (1947 film)">Unending Love</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Miserable_at_Middle_Age" title="Miserable at Middle Age">Miserable at Middle Age</a> (1949)</li>

<li><a href="The_Greatest_Wedding_on_Earth" title="The Greatest Wedding on Earth">The Greatest Wedding on Earth</a> (1962)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Love in a Fallen City</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(film)" title="Love in a Fallen City (film)">Love in a Fallen City</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Love_in_a_Fallen_City_(TV_series)" title="Love in a Fallen City (TV series)">Love in a Fallen City</a> (2009)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Half a Lifelong Romance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eighteen_Springs_(film)" title="Eighteen Springs (film)">Eighteen Springs</a> (1997)</li>

<li><a href="Affair_of_Half_a_Lifetime" title="Affair of Half a Lifetime">Affair of Half a Lifetime</a> (2003)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Red_Rose_White_Rose" title="Red Rose White Rose">Red Rose White Rose</a> (1994)</li>

<li><a href="Lust%2C_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Love_After_Love_(2020_film)" title="Love After Love (2020 film)">Love After Love</a> (2020)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hu_Lancheng" title="Hu Lancheng">Hu Lancheng</a> (first husband)</li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Peilun" title="Zhang Peilun">Zhang Peilun</a> (grandfather)</li>

<li><a href="The_Legend_of_Eileen_Chang" title="The Legend of Eileen Chang">The Legend of Eileen Chang</a> (TV series)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197155#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3002" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197155#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3002" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109365864">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/112523113">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/113970">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwXcmcWDfwjBCMYK7MgKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118947575">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83124797">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12536146z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12536146z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00317844">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36620350">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20040413005&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5627637">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1380014">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p140237380">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97005400">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000202058&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200203055">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn258r3809b9f1r">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810554607905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007449317205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508671506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06520648?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118947575">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1336022">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118947575">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03462497X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64j15ts">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/af71071a-06eb-4d55-adaf-4099b97a692c">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-30" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Eileen_Chang&oldid=1303263951">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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